Retrieval-Augmented Data Augmentation for Low-Resource Domain Tasks

https://papers.cool/arxiv/2402.13482

Authors: Minju Seo ; Jinheon Baek ; James Thorne ; Sung Ju Hwang

Summary:

Hallucinations pose a significant challenge for the practical implementation of large language models (LLMs). The utilization of parametric knowledge in generating factual content is constrained by the limited knowledge of LLMs, potentially resulting in internal hallucinations. While incorporating external information can help fill knowledge gaps, it also introduces the risk of irrelevant information, thereby increasing the likelihood of external hallucinations. A careful and balanced integration of the parametric knowledge within LLMs with external information is crucial to alleviate hallucinations. In this study, we present Rowen, a novel approach that enhances LLMs with a selective retrieval augmentation process tailored to address hallucinated outputs. This process is governed by a multilingual semantic-aware detection module, which evaluates the consistency of the perturbed responses across various languages for the same queries. Upon detecting inconsistencies indicative of hallucinations, Rowen activates the retrieval of external information to rectify the model outputs. Rowen adeptly harmonizes the intrinsic parameters in LLMs with external knowledge sources, effectively mitigating hallucinations by ensuring a balanced integration of internal reasoning and external evidence. Through a comprehensive empirical analysis, we demonstrate that Rowen surpasses the current state-of-the-art in both detecting and mitigating hallucinated content within the outputs of LLMs.


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Q: 这篇论文试图解决什么问题?

A:
这篇论文试图解决大型语言模型(LLMs)在实际应用中面临的“幻觉”(hallucinations)问题。幻觉指的是LLMs在生成事实内容时,由于其知识库有限,可能产生不准确或无意义的输出。尽管通过整合外部信息可以填补知识空白,但这也可能引入不相关信息,增加外部幻觉的可能性。因此,论文提出了一种名为Rowen的方法,旨在通过精心平衡LLMs内部参数知识与外部信息的整合,有效减轻幻觉现象。Rowen通过一个多语言语义感知检测模块来评估相同查询在不同语言下的响应一致性,当检测到不一致性(表明幻觉)时,激活外部信息检索以纠正模型输出。通过这种方式,Rowen能够在确保内部推理与外部证据平衡整合的同时,有效减轻LLMs输出中的幻觉内容。

Q: 有哪些相关研究?

A: 相关研究主要集中在以下几个方面:

  1. 不确定性探索用于幻觉检测
  2. 事后修正用于幻觉缓解
  3. 检索增强生成(RAG)

这些研究尝试通过不同的策略来提高LLMs生成内容的事实准确性,减少幻觉现象。然而,这些方法可能受限于模型的知识边界,或者在整合外部知识时可能引入错误累积,导致外部幻觉。Rowen方法试图通过在必要时才进行检索增强,来平衡内部推理和外部证据,以更有效地缓解幻觉。

Q: 论文如何解决这个问题?

A: 论文提出了一种名为Rowen(Retrieve only when it needs)的方法来解决大型语言模型(LLMs)中的幻觉问题。Rowen的核心思想是在LLMs生成响应时,通过以下三个阶段来平衡内部推理和外部信息的整合:

  1. 生成初始答案(Stage 1: Generating Initial Answer)
  2. 决定是否进行检索(Stage 2: Deciding Whether to Retrieve)